Ethical Guidelines
 

Introduction

AISRP is dedicated to advancing scientific inquiry and fostering scholarly communication that meets the highest ethical standards across the Arab region and globally. These guidelines reflect a commitment to responsible research conduct underpinned by principles such as accuracy, transparency, and accountability. They articulate AISRP’s expectations and provide clear protocols for ethical disputes, emerging challenges (including artificial intelligence and digital data management), and evolving standards of scholarly communication. Drawing on established recommendations from COPE, ICMJE, and other prominent organizations, these guidelines reinforce a culture of integrity that inspires confidence in the published scientific record.

AISRP Statement

AISRP is committed to the highest standards of scholarly publishing by ensuring that every publication is handled with rigor, impartiality, and respect for ethical norms. Decision-making at AISRP is conducted independently of commercial, political, or personal influences. Our policies empower authors, reviewers, and editors to navigate ethical dilemmas with clarity and fairness, and our processes align with global best practices. In support of these aims, AISRP encourages consultation of resources from COPE, the Council of Science Editors, and the World Association of Medical Editors for further guidance on specific ethical issues.

Authorship confers both credit and responsibility, and AISRP implements stringent criteria to determine legitimate authorship in line with ICMJE and COPE standards.

Authorship Criteria

Each author must have contributed substantially to at least one of the following: the conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis, or interpretation of results. Additionally, every author must:

 
Engage in drafting or critically revising the intellectual content,
 
Provide final approval of the version to be published, and
 
Be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions regarding the accuracy or integrity of any part of the publication are appropriately addressed.

Those whose contributions do not fulfill all criteria should be acknowledged in a separate section.

Order and Equal Contribution

The order of authors is agreed upon early in the research process and should accurately reflect the extent of each individual’s contribution. Where equal contributions have been made, a statement such as “These authors contributed equally” is included to ensure transparency. In collaborative projects involving multiple institutions or research centers, group authorship is acceptable provided that individual contributions are documented, typically with the aid of the CRediT taxonomy.

Authorship Changes and Disputes

Any modifications to authorship after submission must receive written confirmation from all authors, accompanied by a rationale for the change. Disputes regarding authorship are addressed at the institutional level following COPE guidelines, and AISRP will facilitate mediation but will refrain from direct adjudication. In complex cases, authors may be asked to provide documented evidence of contribution, and persistent disputes can lead to withdrawal of the manuscript.

Use of Artificial Intelligence

AI tools may support manuscript preparation by aiding in grammar correction, reference management, or formatting; however, they cannot be designated as authors. Their use must be transparently disclosed, with the authors retaining full responsibility for the work’s intellectual content.

Practical Scenarios

For instance, if a research project involves a consortium, the group name may appear as the author with individual contributions detailed in a supplement. Similarly, if an author is added mid-process, all parties must verify the accuracy of the addition through formal communication.

Plagiarism, Data Fabrication, and Image Manipulation

AISRP unequivocally prohibits all forms of research misconduct. This section details practices to maintain scientific integrity and outlines procedures for addressing violations.

Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism

Plagiarism is defined as the unacknowledged use of others’ words, ideas, or data, and includes the reuse of one’s previously published content (self-plagiarism) without proper citation. AISRP employs tools such as iThenticate to screen submissions, ensuring that proper attribution is provided. Authors are expected to cite all sources accurately and minimize overlap with previous publications.

Data Fabrication and Falsification

Data fabrication involves inventing data or results, while falsification refers to the intentional alteration, manipulation, or omission of data, leading to misrepresentation of findings. AISRP has strict policies regarding data integrity, and any suspected case results in immediate investigation, with outcomes that may include rejection, retraction, and sanctions imposed on the offending authors.

Image Manipulation

Digital images must represent the original data accurately. Adjustments are permitted only if applied uniformly and disclosed in the figure legend. Techniques that obscure or alter the interpretation of results—such as selective enhancement or the removal of background details—are strictly prohibited. Any detected irregularity in images will trigger a thorough review, and if confirmed, may result in retraction of the article.

Procedures for Handling Misconduct

Upon detecting potential misconduct, AISRP initiates a confidential investigation consistent with COPE guidelines—including correspondence with the authors, the authors’ institution, and independent experts. If misconduct is verified, corrective actions will span from corrections in the published record to complete retractions, along with notifications to relevant institutions.

Research Data Policies

Transparency and reproducibility in research are paramount. AISRP endorses data policies that foster open science and adherence to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles.

Data Availability Statements

All manuscripts must include a Data Availability Statement that clearly articulates the location, accessibility, and conditions for the reuse of the underlying data. When ethical or legal restrictions apply, authors must provide a justification and detail alternative means for data verification.

Citation and Repository Guidelines

Authors should deposit supporting data in recognized repositories that issue persistent identifiers, such as DOIs. The citation format should follow established guidelines—for instance, the FORCE11 data citation principles—to allow proper crediting and to facilitate reproducibility.

Compliance with Regulatory Standards

In studies involving sensitive or proprietary data, authors must comply with applicable legal requirements and institutional policies. In these cases, anonymization and secure data handling protocols are mandatory to protect participant confidentiality and intellectual property.

Conflicts of Interest

Bias, whether intentional or not, can undermine the integrity of the publication process. AISRP requires full disclosure and management of all potential conflicts of interest (COIs).

Definition and Scope

COIs may arise from financial interests, personal relationships, academic competition, or ideological positions that could potentially influence the design, conduct, or reporting of research. These conflicts are not inherently unethical if properly disclosed and managed.

Disclosure Requirements

Authors must declare any COI covering the period up to three years before the initiation of the project in the manuscript’s “Conflicts of Interest” section. Reviewers and editors must also declare any potential conflicts prior to their participation in the process. Transparency in these disclosures allows readers to assess the influence of external factors on the study.

Management and Resolution

In cases where COIs are identified post-submission or post-publication, the manuscript may be subject to additional scrutiny or corrective actions. If undisclosed conflicts come to light, AISRP will consult with COPE-recommended procedures, which may range from issuing a correction notice to retracting the article if the conflict is deemed to have significantly biased the outcomes.

Confidentiality

Maintaining confidentiality throughout the peer review and publication process is critical to protect the integrity of unpublished research and the personal data of contributors.

Manuscript Handling and Review

All manuscripts submitted to AISRP are treated as confidential documents. Access is restricted to designated editors and reviewers who are expressly forbidden from disclosing details of the review process. Reviewers are required to sign confidentiality agreements if necessary, ensuring that the content, methodologies, and results remain secure.

Exceptions and Legal Considerations

Confidentiality may be breached only under exceptional circumstances, such as investigations of research misconduct or compliance with a legal mandate. Even then, the disclosure is limited to the minimum necessary to conduct the investigation, in accordance with COPE guidelines.

Data Security Protocols

AISRP employs robust digital security measures to safeguard submissions, reviewer comments, and correspondence, reducing the risk of unauthorized dissemination of sensitive information.

Peer Review Policy

AISRP’s peer review process is designed to encourage impartial, rigorous, and constructive evaluations that enhance the quality of scholarly work while safeguarding the confidentiality of all participants.

Peer Review Models

Manuscripts undergo an initial editorial screening to assess suitability, followed by a thorough review by at least two independent experts. Depending on the journal’s specific guidelines, the review process may be single- or double-blind. In a single-blind review, the reviewers’ identities remain anonymous, whereas in a double-blind process, both the authors’ and reviewers’ identities are concealed.

Reviewer Responsibilities

Reviewers are expected to provide objective, detailed, and respectful feedback, focusing on the scientific merit, originality, methodology, and clarity of the research. Any potential conflict of interest must be declared, and reviewers should recuse themselves if the conflict might impair their judgment.

Editorial Decision-Making

Editors weigh reviewer feedback alongside editorial judgment to make final decisions. They reserve the right to solicit additional reviews if discrepancies arise and to consult independent experts when necessary. All decisions are made on the basis of scholarly merit, ensuring that the review process is fair, transparent, and free from undue influence.

Intellectual Property

The handling of intellectual property in scholarly publishing encompasses copyright protection, licensing agreements, and permissions for third-party materials.

Copyright and Licensing

AISRP publishes articles under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, ensuring that authors retain copyright while allowing others to reuse content provided proper attribution is given. The license encourages broad dissemination of research findings while maintaining recognition of the original work.

Permissions for Reproductions

If an article contains figures, tables, or other content previously published elsewhere, authors must obtain written permission from the copyright holder. Proper accreditation must be included in the caption or references, indicating that the material is reproduced with permission.

Translations and Adaptations

Translated or adapted works are subject to the same rigorous requirements for proper attribution. Translations must clearly reference the original publication and secure necessary permissions before dissemination.

AISRP’s Ethical Guidelines are designed to safeguard the integrity and credibility of scholarly publishing. By adhering to rigorous standards for authorship, plagiarism prevention, research data transparency, and editorial independence, AISRP fosters a robust, ethical research environment that benefits authors, reviewers, and readers alike. These guidelines represent a dynamic framework that will be periodically reviewed and updated to reflect evolving best practices and emerging ethical challenges. All stakeholders are expected to integrate these standards into their daily practices, thereby strengthening trust in the scientific record and advancing knowledge with honesty and accountability.

For further details or inquiries regarding these guidelines, please contact: ethics@ajsrp.com.